Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe be-hydraulic, indlela yokukhetha kahle, ukucubungula, nokuhlelaamapayipi ensimbi ye-hydraulicukwenza amasistimu asebenza ngogesi asebenze ngendlela eyonga amandla, ethembekile, futhi abe nempilo ende.
Iisingeniso
Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe be-hydraulic, indlela yokukhetha kahle, ukucubungula, nokuhlelaamapayipi ensimbi ye-hydraulicukwenza amasistimu amahydraulic asebenze ngendlela eyonga amandla, enokwethenjelwa, futhi abe nesikhathi eside sokuphila sekuyisihloko socwaningo kubaklami besistimu ye-hydraulic.Lesi sihloko sidingida ukukhethwa, ukucubungula, nokufakwa kwamapayipi ensimbi esebenza ngogesi.
IpayipiSukhetho
Ukukhethwa kwamapayipi kufanele kusekelwe kungcindezi yesistimu, izinga lokugeleza, nesimo sokusebenzisa.Kuyadingeka ukunaka ukuthi amandla epayipi anele yini, ukuthi ububanzi bepayipi nokuqina kodonga kuhlangabezana nezidingo zesistimu, nokuthi udonga lwangaphakathi lwepayipi yensimbi ekhethiwe kufanele lube bushelelezi, lungabi nokugqwala, isikhumba se-oxide, futhi ezinye iziphambeko.Uma lezi zimo ezilandelayo zitholakala zingenakusebenziseka: izindonga zangaphakathi nangaphandle zepayipi ziye zagqwala kakhulu;Ukujula kwemihuzuko emzimbeni wepayipi kungaphezu kwe-10% yobukhulu bodonga;Ingaphezulu lomzimba wepayipi lihlehlisiwe libe ngaphezu kuka-20% we-diameter yepayipi;Ubukhulu bodonga obungalingani kanye ne-ovality esobala yesigaba sepayipi.Amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa amapayipi kumasistimu okucindezela okuphakathi nendawo, asetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zamanzi ngenxa yezinzuzo zawo njengamandla aphezulu, intengo ephansi, kanye nokutholakala kalula kokuxhumeka kwamahhala okuvuzayo.Amasistimu asebenza ngogesi avamile ngokuvamile asebenzisa amapayipi angenamthungo ensimbi anekhabhoni ephansi adonswayo anosayizi 10, 15, kanye no-20, angashiselwa ngokuthembekile ekufakweni kwamapayipi okujwayelekile okuhlukahlukene ngesikhathi sokufaka amapayipi.Amasistimu e-Hydraulic servo ngokuvamile asebenzisa amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali avamile, amelana nokugqwala, anezindawo ezibushelelezi zangaphakathi nangaphandle, futhi anobukhulu obunembile, kodwa amanani awo aphezulu kakhulu.
Ukucutshungulwa kwamapayipi
Ukucutshungulwa kwamapayipi ikakhulukazi kuhlanganisa ukusika, ukugoba, ukushisela, nokunye okuqukethwe.Ikhwalithi yokucubungula yamapayipi inomthelela omkhulu kumingcele yesistimu yamapayipi futhi ihlobene nokusebenza okuthembekile kwesistimu ye-hydraulic.Ngakho-ke, izindlela zokucubungula zesayensi nezinengqondo kufanele zamukelwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yokucubungula.
1) Ukusika amapayipi
Amapayipi ohlelo lwe-hydraulic anobubanzi obungaphansi kuka-50mm angasikwa kusetshenziswa umshini wokusika isondo lokugaya, kuyilapho amapayipi anobubanzi obungaphezu kuka-50mm ngokuvamile asikwa kusetshenziswa izindlela zemishini, njengamathuluzi omshini akhethekile.Izindlela zokushisela kanye nezindlela zokusika umoya-mpilo zinqatshelwe ngokuphelele, futhi ukusaha ngesandla kuvunyelwe uma izimo zivuma.Ubuso bokuphela kombhobho osikiwe kufanele bugcinwe nge-perpendicular ku-centerline ye-axial ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi indawo yokusika yepayipi kufanele ibe flat futhi ingabi nama-burrs, isikhumba se-oxide, i-slag, njll.
2) Ukugoba amapayipi
Inqubo yokugoba yamapayipi yenziwa kangcono emishinini yokugoqa ipayipi yemishini noma ye-hydraulic.Ngokuvamile, amapayipi anobubanzi obungu-38mm nangaphansi agobile.Ukusebenzisa umshini wokugoba ipayipi ukugoba amapayipi esimweni esibandayo kungagwema ukukhiqizwa kwesikhumba se-oxide futhi kuthinte ikhwalithi yamapayipi.Ukugoba okushisayo akuvunyelwe ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwamapayipi agobile, futhi ukufakwa kwamapayipi okufana nezindololwane ezinesitembu kungasetshenziswa njengezindawo, njengokuguqulwa, ukuncipha kwezindonga zamapayipi, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwesikhumba se-oxide kujwayele ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sokugoba okushisayo.Amapayipi agobile kufanele acabangele indawo egobayo.Uma irediyasi yokugoba incane kakhulu, ingabangela ukugxiliswa kwengcindezi epayipini futhi inciphise amandla ayo.I-radius yokugoba akufanele ibe ngaphansi kwezikhathi ezi-3 ububanzi bepayipi.Uma iphezulu ingcindezi yokusebenza yepayipi, kufanele ibe mkhulu i-radius yokugoba.I-ellipticity yepayipi egobile ngemva kokukhiqizwa akufanele idlule u-8%, futhi ukuchezuka kwe-engeli yokugoba akufanele kudlule ± 1.5mm/m.
3) Ukushiselwa kwamapayipi namapayipi amanzi ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngezinyathelo ezintathu:
(1) Ngaphambi kokushisela ipayipi, isiphetho sepayipi kufanele sibhavizwe.Uma i-weld groove incane kakhulu, ingabangela ukuthi udonga lwamapayipi lungashiseli ngokugcwele, okuholela ekuqineni kokushisela okunganele kwepayipi;Uma i-groove inkulu kakhulu, ingabangela nokukhubazeka okufana nokuqhekeka, ukufakwa kwe-slag, nama-welds angalingani.I-angle ye-groove kufanele ikhishwe ngokuya ngezinhlobo zokushisela ezivumelana nezidingo ezijwayelekile zikazwelonke.Umshini we-beveling uzosetshenziselwa ukucutshungulwa okungcono kwe-groove.Indlela yokusika ngomshini iyonga, iyasebenza, ilula, futhi ingaqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokucubungula.Ukusikwa kwesondo lokugaya okujwayelekile kanye ne-beveling kuzogwenywa ngangokunokwenzeka.
(2) Ukukhethwa kwezindlela zokushisela kuyisici esibalulekile sekhwalithi yokwakhiwa kwamapayipi futhi kufanele kwaziswe kakhulu.Njengamanje, i-arc welding ye-manual kanye ne-argon arc welding isetshenziswa kabanzi.Phakathi kwazo, i-argon arc welding ilungele ukushiselwa kwepayipi le-hydraulic.Inezinzuzo zekhwalithi enhle ye-weld junction, indawo ye-weld ebushelelezi futhi enhle, ayikho i-slag yokushisela, ayikho i-oxidation ye-weld junction, nokusebenza kahle kokushisela.Enye indlela yokushisela ingabangela kalula i-welding slag ukuthi ingene epayipini noma ikhiqize inani elikhulu le-oxide esikalini odongeni lwangaphakathi lwe-welding joint, okunzima ukuyisusa.Uma isikhathi sokwakha sifushane futhi kukhona ama-argon arc welders ambalwa, kungacatshangwa ukuthi kusetshenziswe i-argon arc welding yesendlalelo esisodwa (ukusekela) kanye ne-welding kagesi kwesendlalelo sesibili, okungagcini nje ngokuqinisekisa izinga kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokwakhiwa.
(3) Ngemva kokushiselwa kwamapayipi, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yokushisela kufanele kwenziwe.Izinto zokuhlola zihlanganisa: noma ngabe kukhona imifantu, okufakiwe, izimbotshana, ukuluma ngokweqile, ukuchaphazeka, nezinye izenzakalo ezizungeze umthungo wokushisela;Hlola ukuthi ubuhlalu be-weld bucocekile, noma kukhona ukungahambi kahle, ukuthi indawo yangaphakathi nengaphandle iphumele ngaphandle, nokuthi ingaphandle lonakele noma libuthakathaka yini ngesikhathi kucutshungulwa amandla odonga lwamapayipi..
Ukufakwa kwamapayipi
Ukufakwa kwepayipi le-hydraulic ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngemuva kokufakwa kwemishini exhunyiwe kanye nezingxenye ze-hydraulic.Ngaphambi kokubeka ipayipi, kuyadingeka ukuthi uzijwayeze ngokucophelela ngohlelo lwamapayipi, ucacise ukuhleleka kokuhlelwa, isikhala, nendlela yepayipi ngalinye, unqume ukuthi ama-valve, amalunga, ama-flange, nezinsimbi zamapayipi akuphi, futhi umake futhi uwathole.
1) Ukufakwa kwezinsimbi zamapayipi
I-base plate ye-clamp yepayipi ngokuvamile ishiselwa ngokuqondile noma kubakaki abafana nensimbi ye-engeli kuya ezingxenyeni zesakhiwo, noma ihlanganiswe namabhawodi anwebekayo ezindongeni zikakhonkolo noma kubakaki abasemaceleni odongeni.Ibanga phakathi kwezinsimbi zamapayipi kufanele lifaneleke.Uma incane kakhulu, izodala imfucuza.Uma inkulu kakhulu, izobangela ukudlidliza.Ema-engeli angakwesokudla, kufanele kube ne-clamp eyodwa yepayipi ohlangothini ngalunye.
2) Ukubekwa kwepayipi
Izimiso ezijwayelekile zokubeka amapayipi yilezi:
(1) Amapayipi kufanele ahlelwe avundlile noma aqonde phezulu ngangokunokwenzeka, kuqashelwe ukuhlanzeka nokungaguquguquki ukugwema ukuwela amapayipi;Ibanga elithile kufanele ligcinwe phakathi kwezindonga zamapayipi amabili ahambisanayo noma ahlanganayo;
(2) Amapayipi amakhulu amakhulu noma amapayipi aseduze nohlangothi lwangaphakathi lwesekelo lamapayipi kufanele abekwe eqhulwini ukuze abekwe;
(3) Ipayipi elixhunywe endaweni ehlangene yepayipi noma iflenge kufanele libe ipayipi eliqondile, futhi i-eksisi yaleli payipi eqondile kufanele ihambisane ne-eksisi yejoyinti lepayipi noma i-flange, futhi ubude kufanele bube bukhulu noma bulingane izikhathi ezi-2 ububanzi;
(4) Ibanga phakathi kodonga olungaphandle lwepayipi kanye nonqenqema lwezixhumi zamapayipi eziseduze akufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-10mm;Ama-flange noma izinyunyana zomugqa ofanayo wamapayipi kufanele zinyakaziswe ngaphezu kuka-100mm;Ukuma okuhlanganyelwe kwepayipi elidlula odongeni kufanele okungenani kube ngu-0.8m kude nodonga;
(5) Lapho kubekwa iqoqo lamapayipi, izindlela ezimbili ngokuvamile zisetshenziswa ngokushintshana: 90 ° no-45 °;
(6) Wonke amapayipi kudingeka ukuthi abe mfishane ngangokunokwenzeka, abe namajika ambalwa, ukuguquka okushelelayo, ukunciphisa ukugoba okuya phezulu naphansi, nokuqinisekisa ukunwetshwa okushisayo okushisayo kwepayipi.Ubude bepayipi kufanele buqinisekise ukuhlakazeka kwamahhala kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamajoyinti nezinye izesekeli ngaphandle kokuthinta amanye amapayipi;
(7) Indawo yokubeka ipayipi noma indawo yokufaka ukufaka kufanele kube lula ukuxhunywa nokugcinwa kwepayipi, futhi ipayipi kufanele libe seduze nempahla yokulungisa isigxivizo sepayipi;Ipayipi akufanele lishiselwe ngokuqondile kubakaki;
(8) Ngesikhathi sokuphazamiseka kokufakwa kwamapayipi, zonke izikhala zamapayipi zizovalwa ngokuqinile.Ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwe-Plumbing, ngeke kube khona isihlabathi, isikali se-oxide, insimbi yensimbi nokunye ukungcola okungena epayipini;Ungakususi konke ukuvikeleka kwamapayipi ngaphambi kokufakwa, njengoba kungase kungcolise ipayipi.
Isiphetho
I-hydraulic system yakhiwe izingxenye ezihlukahlukene ze-hydraulic ezixhunywe ngokwemvelo ngamapayipi, amalunga amapayipi, namabhulokhi esekethe kawoyela.Kunamapayipi amaningi ensimbi axhumayo asetshenziswa ohlelweni lwe-hydraulic.Uma la mapayipi eselimele futhi avuza, angakwazi ukungcolisa indawo ezungezile kalula, aphazamise ukusebenza okuvamile kwesistimu, futhi afake ngisho nokuphepha engozini.Ukukhethwa, ukucubungula, nokufakwa kwamapayipi ensimbi esebenza ngogesi kuyisinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ekuguqulweni kwemishini esebenza ngamanzi.Ukwazi izindlela ezifanele kuzoba yinzuzo ekusebenzeni okuzinzile kwesistimu ye-hydraulic.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-01-2023