Umsebenzi womshini weamapayipi ensimbi angenamthungokuwumgomo obalulekile wokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kokugcina (umsebenzi wemishini) wensimbi, okuncike ekubunjweni kwamakhemikhali kanye nenqubo yokwelashwa kokushisa kwensimbi.Esicacisweni sepayipi lensimbi, umsebenzi oqinile (amandla okuqina, amandla esivuno noma iphuzu lokukhiqiza, ubude), imigomo yokuqina nokuqina, kanye nemisebenzi yokushisa ephezulu nephansi edingwa abasebenzisi, icaciswa ngokuvumelana nezidingo ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa.
① Amandla okuqina ( σb)
Amandla amakhulu (Fb) atholwe yisifanekiso phakathi nenqubo yokushuba ngesikhathi sekhefu, ahlukaniswe ingcindezi etholwe ngokuhlukanisa indawo yokuqala enqamula ingxenye (So) yesampula ( σ) , Ebizwa ngokuthi amandla e-tensile ( σ b) , ngo-N /mm2 (MPa).Ibonisa ikhono eliphezulu lezinto zensimbi ukumelana nomonakalo ngaphansi kwamandla aqinile.
② Iphoyinti lokuzithoba (σs)
Ukucindezeleka lapho impahla yensimbi enesimo esivumayo ingaqhubeka nokunwebeka ngaphandle kokwengezwa kwamandla (ukugcina ukuzinza) phakathi nenqubo yokwelula ibizwa ngokuthi iphoyinti lokuvumela.Uma kukhona ukwehla kwamandla, amaphuzu aphezulu naphansi okukhiqiza kufanele ahlukaniswe.Iyunithi yephoyinti lokuthobela ngu-N/mm2 (MPa).
Iphoyinti le-inflection eliphakeme (σ Su): Ukucindezeleka okuphezulu kwesampula ngaphambi kokuncipha kokuqala kwamandla ngenxa yokuhoxa;Iphoyinti lokuhlukanisa ( σ SL): Ingcindezi encane esigabeni sokukhiqiza lapho umphumela osheshayo wokuqala ungacatshangelwa.
Ifomula yokubala yephoyinti le-inflection ithi:
Kufomula: Fs - amandla okugoba phakathi nenqubo yokuqina yesifanekiso (esizinzile), N (Newton) Ngakho - indawo yoqobo yesiqephu sesampula, mm2.
③ Ubude ngemva kokuphuka (σ)
Esivivinyweni esiqinile, iphesenti lobude elingezwe kubude begeji yesifanekiso ngemva kokuphuka uma kuqhathaniswa nobude begeji yasekuqaleni ibizwa ngokuthi ukunwetshwa.ngo-σ Ibonisa ukuthi iyunithi ingu%.Ifomula yokubala ithi:
Kufomula: Ubude begeji ye-L1 yesampula ngemva kokuphuka, mm;L0- Ubude begeji yoqobo besampula, mm.
④Izinga lokuncishiswa kwesigaba( ψ)
Esivivinyweni esiqinile, ukuncishiswa okuphezulu kwendawo ephambanayo kububanzi obuncishisiwe besampula ngemva kokuphuka kubizwa ngokuthi iphesenti lendawo yokuqala ye-cross-sectional, ebizwa ngokuthi izinga lokunciphisa lesigaba esiphambene.ngeψ Ibonisa ukuthi iyunithi i-%.Ifomula yokubala imi kanje:
Kufomula: S0- Indawo enqamulayo yoqobo yesampula, mm2;S1- Ubuncane bendawo yesiphambano kububanzi obuncishisiwe besampula ngemva kokuphuka, mm2.
⑤Ithagethi yokuqina(HB）
Ikhono lezinto zensimbi ukumelana nokucindezela kwezinto eziqinile ebusweni kubizwa ngokuthi ukuqina.Ngokwezindlela ezihlukene zokuhlola kanye nobubanzi bokusebenzisa, ubulukhuni bungabuye buhlukaniswe bulukhuni be-Brinell, ukuqina kwe-Rockwell, ukuqina kwe-Vickers, ukuqina koShore, ukuqina okuncane, kanye nobulukhuni bezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zamapayipi asetshenziswa kakhulu: Brinell, Rockwell, Vickers hardness.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-14-2023